- Koto: Often considered Japan's national instrument, the koto is a type of zither with 13 or more strings. It has been popular in Japanese court music and is featured prominently in various classical and contemporary compositions.
- Shakuhachi: This bamboo flute is known for its distinctive sound and is commonly used in both traditional and modern music, including jazz and film scores.
- Shamisen: A three-stringed instrument that resembles a banjo, the shamisen is central to many forms of Japanese music, from folk to theater.
- Taiko: These large drums are widely used in festivals and performances. Taiko drumming has evolved into an ensemble form known as kumi-daiko, where multiple drummers perform in sync.
- Biwa: A traditional short-necked lute, the biwa has been used for centuries in narrative storytelling and is still important in classical Japanese music.
These instruments continue to influence not only Japanese culture but also global music, with some gaining popularity outside Japan for their unique sounds and historical depth.